Names of current and former group members are in bold.
Submitted
24. O'Brien, S., W. Kang, X. Ruan & D. Li, 2026. Unifying the Scaling of Urban Heat Island with Surface Heat Flux under Calm Conditions, in revision, Geophysical Research Letters
Published
23. Liu, Y., H. Wang, X. Wu, S. Cong, X. Ruan, Z. Rong, N. Bi & Z. Yang, 2026. Tropical cyclone catalyzes seasonal transition of marginal sea: premature dissipation of cold pool. Ocean Modelling, in press.
22. †Kong, T., †X. Ruan, J. Farmer, H. Ren, T. Lee, T. Lin, D. Sigman, Y. Ming & X. Wang, 2026. Ocean iron fertilization by sea-level enhanced mid-ocean ridge volcanism. Nature Geoscience, in press. (†=co-first authors)
21. Naveira Garabato, A.C., C.P. Spingys, B. Fernández-Castro, N. Couto, H.F. Drake, A. Forryan, Y. Ma, H. Mercier, M. Messias, X. Ruan, H. Van Haren, G. Voet, B.L. Wynne-Cattanach, R. Ferrari, M.H. Alford & K. Polzin, 2025. Connecting Mixing to Upwelling Along the Ocean's Sloping Boundary. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2025GL119186
[online]
20. Hu, S., X. Lu, J. Sprintall, C. Guan, X. Ruan & F. Wang, 2025. Imminent rapid decline of the Indonesian Throughflow after reaching a turning point of CO2 concentration. Nature Communication, 16, 11605
[online]
19. Li, D., X. Ruan, A. Pham, P. Damien & D. Bianchi, 2025. Role of eddies in primary production in the California Current System. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2025GL118614.
[online]
18. Ruan, X., Y. Si & R. Ferrari, 2025. Diapycnal upwelling driven by tidally-induced mixing over steep topography. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 55, 229-241.
[online]
17. Li, D., H. Wei & X. Ruan, 2025. The importance of eddy stirring in wind-driven coastal upwelling. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 55, 29-42. [online]
16. Chen, Y., R. Chen, G. Wang, X. Ruan, W. Li, Q. Geng & J. Wang, 2024. Submesoscale vertical heat transport at the Kuroshio Extension: Characteristics and mechanisms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129, e2023JC020612. [online]
15. Wynne-Cattanach, B.L., N. Couto, H.F. Drake, R. Ferrari, A. Le Boyer, H. Mercier, M. Messias, X. Ruan, C.P. Spingys, H. Van Haren, G. Voet, K. Polzin, A.C. Naveira Garabato & M.H. Alford, 2024. Observational evidence of diapycnal upwelling within a sloping submarine canyon. Nature, 630, 884-890. [online]
14. Li, D. & X. Ruan, 2024. On the pathways of wind-driven coastal upwelling: nonlinear momentum flux and baroclinic instability. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 54, 63-79.
[online]
13. Drake, H.F., X. Ruan & R. Ferrari, 2022. Diapycnal displacement, diffusion, and distortion of tracers in the ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 52, 3221-3240.
[online]
12. Drake, H.F., X. Ruan, J. Callies, K. Ogden, A. Thurnherr & R. Ferrari, 2022. Dynamics of eddying abyssal mixing layers over sloping rough topography. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 52, 3199-3219.
[online]
11. Ruan, X., 2022. Note on the bulk estimate of the energy dissipation rate in the oceanic bottom boundary layer. Fluids, 7(2), 82.
[online]
10. Ruan, X., J. Wenegrat & J. Gula, 2021. Slippery bottom boundary layers: the loss of energy from the general circulation by bottom drag. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL094434.
[online]
9. L.M. Schulze Chretien, A. F. Thompson, M. M. Flexas, K. Speer, N. Swaim, R. Oelerich, X. Ruan, R. Schubert, C. LoBuglio, 2021. The shelf circulation of the Bellingshausen Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126, e2020JC016871.
[online]
8. Ruan, X., K. Speer, A.F. Thompson, L.M. Schulze Chretien, D. Shoosmith, 2021. Ice-shelf meltwater overturning in the Bellingshausen Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126, e2020JC016957.
[online]
7. Ruan, X., A.F. Thompson & J.R. Taylor, 2021. The evolution and arrest of a turbulent stratified oceanic bottom boundary layer over a slope: Upslope regime and PV dynamics. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 51, 1077–1089.
[online]
6. Ruan, X. & R. Ferrari, 2021. Diagnosing diapycnal mixing from passive tracers. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 51, 757–767.
[online]
5. Ruan, X. & J. Callies, 2020. Mixing-driven mean flows and submesoscale eddies over mid-ocean ridge flanks and fracture zone canyons. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 50, 175–195.
[online]
4. Ruan, X., A.F. Thompson & J.R. Taylor, 2019. The evolution and arrest of a turbulent stratified oceanic bottom boundary layer over a slope: Downslope regime. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 49, 469-487.
[online]
3. Tsai, V.C. & X. Ruan, 2018. A simple physics-based improvement to the positive degree day model. Journal of Glaciology, 64, 661-668. [online]
2. Ruan, X., A.F. Thompson, M.M. Flexas & J. Sprintall, 2017. Contribution of topographically generated submesoscale turbulence to Southern Ocean overturning. Nature Geoscience, 10, 840-845.
[online]
[research highlight]
[issue cover]
[Caltech Press Release]
1. Ruan, X. & A.F. Thompson, 2016. Bottom boundary potential vorticity injection from an oscillating flow: a PV pump. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46, 3509-3526.
[online]